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[Last update 10.May 2002]
3.0 内視鏡に関する解剖用語
(STANDARD ENDOSCOPIC ANATOMY)
The anatomic sites are divided into separate sections according to the
endoscopic examination that is performed. This is an arbitrary grouping
and is designed to facilitate review. When necessary figures are included
to more precisely define the location.
3.1 標準的な解剖学的部位(Standard Anatomic sites)
3.1.1 上部消化管(Upper gastrointestinal tract sites)
The following table shall be used to define sites for findings in the upper
gastrointestinal tract.
| Table 1. |
上部消化管の部位と所見
(Sites for location of findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract). |
器官
(ORGAN) |
部位
(SITE) |
修飾語
(MODIFIER) |
| 食道(Esophagus) |
|
|
| |
食道入口部(Crico-pharyngeus) |
|
| |
上1/3(Upper third) |
|
| |
中1/3(Middle third) |
|
| |
下1/3(Lower third) |
|
| |
噴門(Cardia) |
|
| |
食道全体(Whole esophagus) |
|
| |
吻合部(Anastomosis) |
|
| |
|
|
| 胃(Stomach) |
|
|
| |
噴門(Cardia) |
|
| |
胃底部(Fundus) |
|
| |
胃体部(Body) |
|
| |
|
前壁 |
| |
|
後壁 |
| |
|
小彎 |
| |
|
大彎 |
| |
|
指定なし
(記載せず) |
| |
胃角部(Incisura) |
|
| |
|
前壁 |
| |
|
後壁 |
| |
|
小彎 |
| |
|
大彎 |
| |
|
指定なし
(記載せず) |
| |
前庭部(Antrum) |
|
| |
|
前壁 |
| |
|
後壁 |
| |
|
小彎 |
| |
|
大彎 |
| |
|
指定なし
(記載せず) |
| |
幽門前部(Pre-pyloric) |
|
| |
幽門(Pylorus) |
|
| |
胃全体(Whole stomach) |
|
| |
吻合部(Anastomosis) |
|
| |
幽門形成(Pyloroplasty) |
|
| |
|
|
| 十二指腸(Duodenum) |
|
|
| |
球部(Bulb) |
|
| |
|
前壁(Anterior) |
| |
|
後壁(Posterior) |
| |
|
上壁 |
| |
|
下壁 |
| |
|
近位(Proximal) |
| |
|
遠位(Distal) |
| |
十二指腸下行部
(2nd part of the duodenum) |
|
| |
乳頭部(Area of papilla) |
|
| |
吻合部(Anastomosis) |
|
| |
十二指腸内の全観察範囲
(Whole examined duodenum) |
|
| |
|
|
| 空腸(Jejunum) |
|
|
| |
輸入脚(Afferent jejunal loop) |
|
| |
輸出脚(Efferent jejunal loop) |
|
| |
鞍部:あんぶ(Jejunal crest) |
|
| |
その他(記述する) |
|
3.1.2 下部消化管(Lower gastrointestinal tract sites)
The following table shall be used to define sites for findings in the lower
gastrointestinal tract.
| Table 2. |
下部消化管の部位と所見
(Sites for location of findings in the lower gastrointestinal tract). |
器官
(ORGAN) |
部位
(SITE) |
| 大腸(Colon) |
|
| |
肛門(Anus) |
| |
直腸(Rectum) |
| |
S状結腸(Sigmoid) |
| |
下行結腸(Descending) |
| |
脾彎曲(Splenic) |
| |
横行結腸(Transverse) |
| |
肝彎曲(Hepatic) |
| |
上行結腸(Ascending) |
| |
盲腸(Cecum) |
| |
虫垂開口部 |
| |
回盲弁(Ileo-cecal valve) |
| |
ストマ(Stoma) |
| |
大腸全体(Whole colon) |
| |
吻合部(Anastomosis) |
| |
直腸パウチ(Rectal Pouch) |
| |
|
| 回腸(Ileum) |
|
3.1.3 ERCP(ERCP sites)
The following table shall be used to define sites for findings on ERCP.
| Table 3. |
ERCPの部位と所見
(Sites for location of findings on ERCP). |
臓器
(ORGAN) |
部位
(SITE) |
修飾語
(MODIFIER) |
| 膵(Pancreas) |
|
|
| |
全体(Whole) |
|
| |
頭部(Head) |
|
| |
体部(Body) |
|
| |
尾部(Tail) |
|
| |
鉤状部 |
|
| |
主膵管(Main duct) |
全体、頭部、体部、尾部、鉤状部 |
| |
サントリニ管:副膵管
(Accessory duct) |
|
| |
分枝管(Branches) |
全体、頭部、体部、尾部、鉤状部 |
| |
|
|
| 胆道(Biliary System) |
|
|
| |
十二指腸乳頭(Papilla) |
|
| |
胆管・膵管合流部
(Biliary-pancreatic junction) |
|
| |
総胆管(肝外胆管)
(Main duct) |
|
| |
|
全体(Whole) |
| |
|
下部胆管
(Lower third) |
| |
|
中部胆管
(Middle third) |
| |
|
上部胆管
(Upper third) |
| |
胆嚢管(Cystic duct) |
|
| |
肝管合流部(肝管分岐部)
(Bifurcation) |
|
| |
肝管(Liver ducts) |
|
| |
|
左肝管
(Left main) |
| |
|
右肝管
(Right main) |
| |
|
左肝内胆管
(Left intrahepatic branches) |
| |
|
右肝内胆管
(Right intrahepatic branches) |
| |
|
全肝内胆管
(All intrahepatic branches) |
| |
|
|
| 胆嚢(Gallbladder) |
|
全体、頸部、体部、底部 |
3.2 検査の特徴(Examination characteristics)
3.2.1 原則と範囲(Principles and scope)
The characteristics of examination refer to the extent and limit of the
examination. Extent of the examination is defined as the anatomic extent
of the examination. Limit of the examination is defined as any limitation
that impedes adequate execution of the procedure. It is recognized that
there is some overlap in the concept of extent and limit. The intent of
this section is to convey in an explicit manner those characteristics of
the examination that affect the completeness of the examination, any limitations
that prevent a complete examination and any maneuvers necessary to execute
a complete examination.
Extent of the examination is specified by the furthest anatomic site reached
or a list of the anatomic sites visualized. For colonoscopy, if the cecum
is reached, then the anatomic site "cecum" specifies the extent
of examination. For ERCP, if only the biliary tree is visualized, then
it is necessary to specify that the extent of the examination was the biliary
tree.
Limit of examination is specified by any restrictions on the examination
that are the result of inadequate preparation, anatomic anomalies or barriers.
In colonoscopy the quality of bowel cleansing is a major factor for the
quality of the procedure, especially when small and flat lesions are sought.
Poor preparation is considered a limit of the examination. Stenosis of
the segment of the gastrointestinal tract that requires intervention to
complete an examination is also considered a limit of the examination.
For example, stenosis precludes the passage of the endoscope but dilation
permits the instrument to be advanced. This is also the case for ERCP,
where part of the endoscopic report should describe the various maneuvers
which were performed to obtain cannulation and/or opacification of the
ducts.
| 3.2.2 |
検査範囲の記述用語(List of terms describing the extent of examination) |
The following tables shall be used to define the extent and limits of the
examination.
| Table 4. |
上部・下部消化管内視鏡検査範囲および限界の記述用語
(Terms describing the extent and limits of the examination for Upper Gastrointestinal
Endoscopy and Colonoscopy). |
用語
(TERM) |
属性
(ATTRIBUTES) |
属性値
(ATTRIBUTE VALUES) |
部位
(SITES) |
前処置
(Preparation) |
方法(Method) |
記述する(Specify) |
|
| |
質(Quality) |
最適(Excellent) |
部位
(Site(s)) |
| |
|
適切(Adequate) |
|
| |
|
不適切(Inadequate)
前処置不十分だが検査ができるレベル
(examination completed) |
|
| |
|
前処置不十分で完全な検査ができないレベル
(Inadequate:precluding a complete examination) |
|
| |
|
|
|
| 検査範囲(Extent of Examination) |
部位
(Location) |
|
部位
(Site(s)) |
| |
|
|
|
限界
(Limitation) |
理由(Reason) |
癒着(Adhesion) |
部位
(Site(s)) |
| |
|
大腸のループ形成
(Colonic loop) |
|
| |
|
狭窄(Stenosis) |
|
| |
|
前処置不良
(Poor preparation) |
|
| |
|
患者の協力不十分
(Patient Unstable)
記述する(Specify) |
部位
(Site(s)) |
| |
|
機械の故障
(Equipment Malfunction)
記述する(Specify) |
|
| Table 5. |
ERCP検査範囲および限界の記述用語
(Terms describing the extent and limits of the examination for ERCP). |
用語
(TERM) |
属性
(ATTRIBUTES) |
属性値
(ATTRIBUTE VALUES) |
部位
(SITES) |
十二指腸乳頭への到達
(Access to the Papilla) |
到達(Access) |
到達不能(Not reached) |
|
| |
|
発見不能(Not found) |
|
| |
|
到達不能(Unaccessible) |
|
| |
理由(Reason) |
記述する(Specify) |
|
| |
|
|
|
カニュレーション
(Cannulation) |
管(Duct) |
膵管(Pancreatic) |
|
| |
|
胆管(Biliary) |
|
| |
結果(Result) |
成功:深部挿入
(Successful:Deep) |
|
| |
|
不成功:浅い挿入
(Successful:Superficial) |
|
| |
|
失敗(Failed) |
|
| |
|
試みず(Not attempted) |
|
| |
|
粘膜下注入
(Submucosal Injection) |
|
| |
方法(Method) |
通常カニュレーション:ガイドワイヤーなし
(Free cannulation) |
|
| |
|
ガイドワイヤー下
(Over a guide-wire) |
|
| |
|
プレカット後
(After precut) |
|
| |
器具(Device) |
カニューレ(Cannula) |
|
| |
|
メタルチップ、カニューレ
(Metal tip cannula) |
|
| |
|
パピロトーム
(Papillotome) |
|
| |
|
バルーンカテーテル
(Balloon catheter) |
|
| |
|
マノメトリーカテーテル
(Manometry catheter) |
|
| |
|
|
|
造影
(Opacification) |
管(Duct) |
膵管(Pancreatic) |
|
| |
|
胆管(Biliary) |
|
| |
結果(Result) |
完全造影
(Successful:Camplete) |
|
| |
|
部分的造影
(Successful:Partial) |
|
| |
|
失敗(Failed) |
|
| |
|
試みず(Not attempted) |
|
| |
|
造影剤逆流
(Reflux of contrast medium) |
|
| |
|
管腔外造影(Extravasation) |
|
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